Islam as a Deen: Beyond Labels of Mazhab, and Maslak

Introduction:

Islam, as a profound and comprehensive way of life, is often discussed within the contexts of Deen, Mazhab, and Maslak. These terms, while commonly used, can sometimes lead to confusion about the true essence of Islam. In this article, we will delve into the meanings of these terms, explore how people perceive Islam within them, and emphasize that Islam surpasses mere labels to encompass a complete way of life.

Deen: The term "Deen" holds immense significance in the Quran, it has been mentioned in the Quran in as many as 79 verses, encompassing a wide array of meanings such as way of life, framework for governance, obedience, religion, or natural order. It denotes a comprehensive guideline governing all facets of life, including private and public. Few of the verses, that mention `Deen`, are:

1) And who is better in faith than those who ˹fully˺ submit themselves to Allah, do good, and follow the Way of Abraham, the upright? (4:125)

2) Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed My favor upon you, and chosen Islam as your way. (5:3)

3) So he began [the search] with their bags before the bag of his brother; then he extracted it from the bag of his brother. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not have taken his brother within the law (deen) of the king except that Allah willed. We raise in degrees whom We will, and above all those who know is the one who truly knows. (12:76)

4) Whoever seeks a way other than Islam, it will never be accepted from them, and in the Hereafter they will be among the losers. (3:85)

5) Do they desire a way other than Allah’s—knowing that all those in the heavens and the earth submit to His Will, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they will ˹all˺ be returned? (3:83)

When examining Islam through the perspective of Deen, it manifests as a way of life necessitating complete submission to the will of Allah. The term الدِّینُ لِلّہ signifies 'obedience to God,' implying obedience and submission to a set of laws, statutes, ordinances, and a system of customs, rituals, ceremonies, habits, or a mode of conduct. In the Quran, the term 'Deen' is utilized to denote the Law of an Authority, as evidenced in Chapter 12, Ayah 76, where it is expressed as (دینِ المَلِکِ), translating to 'King’s Law.' This term serves as a guiding force or law that dictates personal, social, spiritual, and all aspects of life, providing established rules to be adhered to in all worldly affairs.

Mazhab: The term "Mazhab," commonly translated as a school of thought or religious denomination, denotes a specific interpretation or approach within Islam. Sunni stands out as prominent example, encompassing distinct tradition and jurisprudential principle. While Mazhab offers a structured comprehension of Islam, it carries the potential to fragment the Muslim community by accentuating differences rather than highlighting the common foundations that bind believers together.

Another interpretation of "Mazhab," as perceived by some Muslims, involves the worship of Allah in one's private life through activities such as prayers, self-reflection, and purifying one's thoughts. However, in the realms of social interactions, law, and community dealings, Islam is regarded as having minimal significance according to this perspective.

Maslak: "Maslak" refers to a particular path or methodology within Islamic teachings, often associated with adherence to a specific scholar's teachings or a particular spiritual order. Maslak falls within the broader categories of Sunni Mazhab. Although individuals may strongly align themselves with a Maslak, it has the potential to foster division within the Muslim community, as divergent practices and interpretations may give rise to unwarranted discord, diverting attention from the authentic essence of Islam.

Prohibiting Sectarianism: The Quran explicitly condemns divisions and sects within Islam, urging believers to unite and hold fast to the rope of Allah, avoiding internal discord. As mentioned in the Quran,

“And firmly hold to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided.” (3:103)

The focus is on unity and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, with an emphasis on prioritizing core Islamic principles over secondary issues. Notably, the terms "Mazhab" and "Maslak" cannot be found in the Quran or hadith, and these are simply expressions to denote one's inclination toward specific notions or interpretations on various subjects. It is crucial to recognize that Mazhab and Maslak are not synonymous with Deen itself. Respect should be accorded to all esteemed scholars of Islam, including the four Imams—Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Shafi, Imam Hanbal, and Imam Malik (may Allah be pleased with them all)—for their valuable contributions and diligent efforts. While individuals may choose to follow the views and research of a particular Imam, when asked about one's identity, the response should solely be, "I am a Muslim," in accordance with the Quranic injunction: "Who is better in speech than one who calls to Allah, works righteousness, and says, 'I am of those who bow in Islam (Muslim)'" (41:33).

Islam as a Complete Way of Life: While Deen, Mazhab, and Maslak offer useful concepts for understanding different dimensions of Islam, it is crucial to recognize that Islam transcends these labels. At its core, Islam provides a holistic and comprehensive way of life, offering a universal and timeless framework of law to establish the authority of the Creator. The Quran and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offer guidance that addresses the diverse needs of humanity. Islam means obedience, in its true sense, and it belongs to Almighty Allah alone. The obedience of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has been prescribed for us because he is the messenger of Allah and conveyed to us the divine commandments from Allah. This is the logical requirement of the doctrine of Tawheed.

Conclusion: In navigating discussions about Islam within the realms of Deen, Mazhab, and Maslak, it is essential to maintain a holistic perspective. Islam is not confined to narrow classifications or sectarian divisions. Instead, it offers a complete and unified way of life that addresses the diverse needs of humanity. By emphasizing the core principles shared by all Muslims and avoiding unnecessary divisions, the Muslim community can foster unity, understanding, and a profound appreciation for the wisdom of Islamic teachings.